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植物氧利平:适应环境压力和对真菌毒素污染的影响

Giovanni Di Pasquale^1,2, Letizia Ottaviani¹, Marco Camardo Leggieri¹

¹Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.

Frontiers in plant science

|February 5, 2026

概括

气候变化对作物造成压力,增加对真菌病和真菌毒素的易感性. 植物信号分子氧利平素在控制这些非生物压力和防御污染方面发挥着关键作用.

科学领域:

植物科学植物科学
生物化学生物化学
分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

气候变化和全球变暖导致非生物压力,如极端温度,洪水和植物干旱.
这些压力会损害作物耐药性,增加真菌感染和真菌毒素污染的风险.
氧利平是植物对环境刺激反应的关键信号分子,通过脂氧酶酶 (LOXs) 和细胞染色体P450酶 (CYP74) 合成.

研究的目的:

审查最近在单和双物种中氧利平生物合成和酶基因的进展.
探索氧利平在非生物性压力下和对菌毒素污染的反应中在植物生理学中的作用.
讨论CRISPR/Cas工具在研究氧利平因通路中的应用.

主要方法:

在五种植物物种中对关键的氧利平因通路酶进行基因分析.
对氧利平生物合成,非生物应激反应和真菌毒素相互作用的文献综述.
检查基因表达模式 (例如,LOX,AOS,OPR,JAR,JAZ) 和代谢物积累 (例如,JA,12-OPDA,醇,绿叶挥发物).

主要成果:

无生物应激会触发斯蒙酸 (JA),其合物,12-OPDA,醇和绿叶挥发物的积累.
特定的基因,包括LOX,艾伦氧化物合成酶,OPDA减少酶,JA耐药和JA ZIM域,都与应激反应有关.
对LOX基因的调节和脂肪酸,氧利平和脂蛋白的产生对于对抗菌毒素污染至关重要.

结论:

氧利平是关键的信号分子,调解植物对非生物应激和真菌毒素污染的防御.
了解氧利平因通路为增强作物弹性提供了潜在的目标.
克里斯普尔/卡斯技术为剖析和操纵与氧利平相关的植物防御机制提供了一个有前途的工具.

关键词:

在CYP74酶中.无生物压力是无生物压力.基因编辑基因编辑杰斯莫纳特斯 (jasmonates) 是一种的植物.氧化原酶的使用菌类毒素 (mycotoxins) 是一种有毒的物质.

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