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相关概念视频

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.5K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.5K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

821
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
821
Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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大型语言模型和耳鼻喉科:一篇综述

James W Bao1, Mona N Jawad1, Cole Pavelchek2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.

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概括

大型语言模型 (LLM) 在耳鼻喉学中提供了变革的潜力,但采用滞后. 本综述弥合了这一差距,强调了LLM的优势和创新,以推进患者护理和研究.

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科学领域:

  • 人工智能的人工智能是人工智能.
  • 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
  • 医疗信息学医学信息学

背景情况:

  • 大型语言模型 (LLM) 正在迅速发展,具有彻底改变医疗管理,临床实践和研究的巨大潜力.
  • 虽然人工智能在医学领域的采用正在加速,但耳鼻喉科 (ENT) 在利用LLMs方面落后于其他专业.
  • 耳鼻喉科依赖复杂的多模式数据 (文本,成像,电生理学,视频) 为LLM应用提供了独特的机会.

研究的目的:

  • 审查与耳鼻喉科相关的LLM的优势和创新.
  • 为耳鼻喉科医生提供了解和推进其领域内的LLM技术的基础.
  • 鼓励在耳鼻喉科研究和患者护理中更广泛地采用和应用LLM.

主要方法:

  • 对医学LLM应用现有文献的审查,重点关注其他专业的创新.
  • 对耳鼻喉科的特定数据特征和临床复杂性的分析,与LLM能力相关.
  • 识别当前的局限性和未来的方向在耳鼻喉科LLM实施.

主要成果:

  • 通过结合深度学习和自然语言处理,LLM提供了强大的语言能力.
  • 其他医疗专业已经成功地将LLM应用于结构化数据转换,自动化表型,管理任务简化,决策支持和多式联络数据集成.
  • 耳鼻喉科的研究主要集中在有限的问答任务上,经常使用封闭源代码模型,阻碍了临床实用性.

结论:

  • 由于该领域的丰富数据,LLM对加强耳鼻喉科研究和患者护理具有重大前景.
  • 超越可行性研究,转向临床验证,开源开发和特定领域的微调是取得进展的关键.
  • 负责任的LLM实施,包括安全部署和法律监督,可以提高耳鼻喉科的效率,决策支持和患者结果.