在美国5个城市中,非法毒品检测的流行率在注射毒品的人中超出治疗范围
Nabila El-Bassel1, Steven Shoptaw2, Timothy Skalland3
1School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York.
JAMA network open
|February 5, 2026
概括
芬太尼和多种物质的使用在注射毒品的人群中很普遍. 克西拉和兴奋剂检测的增加凸显了加强监测和减少危害服务的必要性,以应对过量危机.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 美国的过量使用危机主要是由芬太尼,西拉和兴奋剂涉及的多种物质使用.
- 个人注射药物,并没有从事医疗护理的人特别容易受到伤害.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计在五个美国城市内注射毒品的人群中检测到的非法毒品的患病率.
- 在两年内分析药物检测趋势.
- 通过社会人口统计学特征和研究地点来检查药物检测.
主要方法:
- 使用艾滋病毒预防试验网络 (HPTN) 的数据进行的横截面研究 094.4.
- 使用液体染色学-高分辨率质谱学进行毒理学分析.
- 用于评估药物检测在时间和特征上的差异的通用线性模型.
主要成果:
- 检测到芬太尼 (93.2%),可卡因 (73.9%),安非他命类兴奋剂 (67.3%) 和西拉 (52.7%) 的高患病率.
- 几乎所有参与者 (94.8%) 的测试结果对多物质药物呈阳性.
- 在纽约市和华盛顿特区检测西拉的趋势越来越大,在华盛顿特区检测安非他命类兴奋剂的趋势越来越大.
- 在无家可归的人群中,可卡因的患病率更高,而在最近被监禁的人群中,兴奋剂检测率更高.
结论:
- 广泛的芬太尼和多重物质检测,与有关增加的西拉和兴奋剂的使用.
- 毒品检测模式因社会人口统计学和结构脆弱性而异.
- 迫切需要实时监控药物供应,有针对性的降低危害,以及综合治疗方法来缓解过量风险.
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