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亚马逊河沉积物中的有毒纳米粒子:基于显微镜和卫星的评估
Emanuelle Goellner1, Brian William Bodah2, Alcindo Neckel3
1University of Minho, UMINHO, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal.
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概括
在亚马逊河纳米粒子中发现了和等有毒元素,对水生生态系统构成系统性风险. 迫切需要全球监测和保护,以保护生物多样性和当地人口.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水生生态学 水生生态学
- 地质化学 地质化学
背景情况:
- 水生生态系统中的危险化学元素威胁着息地和环境健康.
- 亚马逊河系统面临着沉积物污染和热带不稳定的风险日益增加.
研究的目的:
- 在大陆范围内使用卫星图像来光谱检测叶绿素a (CHL),水度 (TSM) 和悬浮污染 (ADG443).
- 量化亚马逊河沉积物中纳米粒子和超细颗粒中的化学元素.
主要方法:
- 宏观分析涉及索利蒙斯和亚马逊河以及河口地区的472个卫星采样点.
- 微尺度分析采用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜 (FIB-SEM) 和高分辨率传输电子显微镜 (HR-TEM) 与能量分散式X射线光谱 (EDS).
- 在干旱和雨季 (2019-2024) 期间,从马纳乌斯上游和下游的18个地点收集了沉积物样本.
主要成果:
- 包括 (Cr) 和 (V) 在内的有毒元素在小于15nm的纳米粒子中被确定.
- 观察到高沉积物污染和日益增加的热层不稳定性,表明存在系统性风险.
- 卫星数据显示了不同季节的叶绿素a,度和悬浮污染水平.
结论:
- 沉积物污染和热带不稳定的融合对亚马逊河系统构成重大风险.
- 迫切需要全球环境监测和先进的保护框架.
- 保护生物多样性和河人口需要立即采取行动.
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