使用心电图信号进行非侵入性糖尿病预测的人工智能方法:系统性审查
Kiruthika Balakrishnan1, Durgadevi Velusamy2, Karthikeyan Ramasamy3
1AI.Health4All Center, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; National Center for Rural Health Professions, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, 1601 Parkview Avenue, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
|February 5, 2026
概括
使用心电图 (ECG) 信号的人工智能 (AI) 显示出对非侵入性糖尿病检测的前景. 然而,当前的人工智能模型需要更好的验证和标准化,以便在广泛的临床应用中使用.
科学领域:
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 糖尿病是一种重要的全球健康问题,许多未被诊断的病例.
- 传统的查方法在早期发现糖尿病方面存在局限性.
- 人工智能 (AI) 提供了一种使用心电图 (ECG) 信号的新的非侵入性方法.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和批判性地评估机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 模型,用于使用心电图信号进行非侵入性糖尿病和糖尿病前期预测.
- 评估目前的研究状况,确定局限性,并建议基于人工智能的心电图分析在糖尿病检测中的未来方向.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA 2020指南,在主要科学数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,IEEE Xplore,ACM数字图书馆) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 对符合纳入标准的25项研究进行了分析,包括ECG输入类型,模型架构,预处理,特征提取,验证和性能指标.
- 数据提取侧重于样本大小,数据集特征和结果报告.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究都使用了小型的,单站点的,横截面数据集,采用各种预处理和特征提取方法.
- 机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 模型报告了高的内部准确性 (>90%),但经常缺乏外部验证和子组分析.
- 研究缺陷包括缺乏对农村/贫困人口的关注,不一致的标准化和有限的透明度 (例如开源代码).
结论:
- 基于人工智能的心电图分析具有早期,非侵入性糖尿病检测的巨大潜力.
- 目前的研究受到普遍性,标准化,外部验证和透明度等问题的阻碍.
- 未来的研究必须优先考虑严格的验证,可重复性,公平性和在各种环境中公平的部署.
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