基于细胞巨乳病毒的病毒载体引起了针对SARS-CoV-2抗原的强有力的系统和组织居民免疫反应
Maja Cokarić Brdovčak1, Jelena Materljan Franki1, Marko Šustić1,2,3
1Center For Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
European journal of immunology
|February 6, 2026
概括
使用小鼠细胞巨乳病毒 (MCMV) 载体的下一代疫苗显示出强大的COVID-19免疫力的潜力. 鼻内输送增强了肺内T细胞,提供了对SARS-CoV-2的更好的粘膜保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒载体技术 病毒载体技术
背景情况:
- 目前的COVID-19疫苗存在局限性,包括免疫力下降和粘膜保护不足.
- 需要下一代疫苗来诱导强大的组织特异性和全身免疫反应.
- 细胞巨乳病毒 (CMV) 是一个有前途的疫苗载体候选人,可以引起持久免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估表达SARS-CoV-2尖峰 (S) 蛋白质的基于小鼠CMV (MCMV) 的疫苗载体.
- 为了比较通过腹腔内 (IP) 和鼻内 (IN) 途径给药的MCMV载体的免疫性.
- 调查载体设计和传递路线对免疫反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用野生型和减弱菌株生成编码SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白的MCMV载体.
- 通过IP和IN路线用开发的MCMV载体对小鼠进行免疫接种.
- 对S特异性抗体水平,CD8+T细胞反应和肺内T细胞积累的分析.
主要成果:
- IP免疫诱导了血清中更高和更持续的S特异性抗体水平.
- 无论是IP还是IN路线,都产生了强大的全身S特异性CD8+T细胞反应,具有不同的动力学和表型.
- 使用表达RAE-1γ的MCMV载体进行的IN免疫接种导致肺内S特异性CD8+T细胞的显著积累.
结论:
- 基于CMV的载体疫苗提供了一个灵活的平台来定制免疫反应.
- 将载体设计 (例如RAE-1γ表达) 与输送途径 (IN) 结合起来,可以优化疫苗的疗效.
- 这种方法有助于开发具有增强粘膜免疫力的改进的COVID-19疫苗.
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