2024-25年哥伦比亚托利马黄热病再次出现:生态流行病学研究
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
概括
黄热病病毒 (YFV) 在哥伦比亚托利马引发了严重的疫情,死亡率高,特别是在老年人中. 建议针对面临生态风险和贫困的农村人口制定有针对性的疫苗接种战略.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 亚博病毒学 亚博病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 黄热病病毒 (YFV) 的传播发生在人类和非人类灵长类动物 (NHPs) 之间,通过南美洲的蚊子传播.
- 在2024-25年的爆发中,YFV蔓延到新的地区,包括哥伦比亚的托利马.
- 对托利马YFV生态流行病学的调查旨在了解疫情模式和驱动因素.
研究的目的:
- 在哥伦比亚托利马调查人类和非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 黄热病 (YF) 病例的生态流行病学.
- 为了识别空间和时间模式,风险因素和YF的热点.
- 为了比较YF爆发的生态和社会人口统计驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 收集了人类YF病例的空间时间,社会人口统计和死亡率数据.
- 已确认YF的已故NHP的记录位置.
- 采用探索性,描述性和空间统计分析,包括推断空间时空建模.
主要成果:
- 在2024年9月至2025年10月期间,在托利马发现了116例人类和53例NHPYF病例.
- 人类病例主要是男性 (77%),平均年龄为47岁;死亡率为39%,年龄较大增加死亡几率.
- 观察到人类和NHP病例的显著聚类. 较高的降雨量和贫困与增加的YF发病率有关.
结论:
- 黄热病在托利马再次出现,近一个世纪后死亡率很高.
- 高生态风险和贫困/贫困地区的农村人口是脆弱的.
- 针对性的疫苗接种策略对于减轻风险人群中年轻人肺炎的影响至关重要.
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