相关实验视频
Updated: Feb 7, 2026
06:48
An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Published on: September 18, 2013
35.9K
实施基于人口的前列腺特异性抗原查对英格兰的检测率和前列腺癌过度诊断的影响:一项统计建模研究
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 6, 2026
概括
在英国实施有组织的前列腺癌查可以显著减少前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 测试和过度诊断率约25%. 这一转变旨在通过检测更多早期癌症,对死亡率产生更大的影响来改善人口健康.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 英国目前的机会性前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 测试政策与过度诊断和测试的高率有关.
- 过度诊断指的是前列腺癌,如果没有PSA查,在男性一生中不会被检测出来.
研究的目的:
- 评估在英国实施基于人口的前列腺癌查的潜在影响.
- 为了比较一个有组织的查计划和当前的机会主义政策之间的过度诊断和测试率.
主要方法:
- 一项使用英语数据的统计建模研究,针对按阶段的前列腺癌发病率,PSA检测率 (症状和无症状) 和预期寿命.
- 疫情学假设的带头时间被纳入估计过度诊断和PSA测试率在一个有组织的计划与当前的政策.
- 另一种建模方法使用了CAP试验的数据和当前无症状癌症检测率来估计过度诊断的变化.
主要成果:
- 基准情景预计,与机会主义政策相比,以人口为基础的查将使PSA检测和过度诊断率减少25%.
- 这种减少归因于PSA检测和70岁以上男性过度诊断的较大减少,超过了50-69岁男性预计的增加.
- 基于人口的查发现了更多的早期前列腺癌,没有过度诊断,这表明对发病率和死亡率的潜在影响更大.
结论:
- 在英格兰,根据风险调整的,基于人口的前列腺癌查计划可能会减少PSA测试和过度诊断,与目前的政策相比.
- 这样的计划可以通过减少前列腺癌死亡率来增加PSA测试的好处.
- 在英国,通过采用有组织的查计划或通过限制PSA测试对初级保健中的无症状男性来改善人口健康.
相关概念视频
01:16Statistical Hypothesis Testing
7.0K
Hypothesis testing is a critical statistical procedure facilitating informed, evidence-based decisions. It begins with a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation, or a prediction about a population parameter. This hypothesis can be either a null hypothesis (H0), indicating no effect or difference, or an alternative hypothesis (Ha), suggesting an effect or difference.
Statistical significance measures the probability that an observed result occurred by chance. If this probability, known as...
Statistical significance measures the probability that an observed result occurred by chance. If this probability, known as...
7.0K
01:11Testing a Claim about Mean: Known Population SD
3.3K
A complete procedure of testing the hypothesis about a population mean is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
3.3K
01:15Study Design in Statistics
10.1K
A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
10.1K
01:24Testing a Claim about Population Proportion
4.0K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
4.0K
01:21Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD
6.3K
A complete procedure of testing a hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
6.3K
02:43Mouse Models of Cancer Study
6.6K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
6.6K