美国结构性边缘化人口中的极端高温和心血管死亡率:范围审查
Cory Sejo1, Natasha Mehta2, Samantha Wilairat3
1Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA.
The journal of climate change and health
|February 6, 2026
概括
极端高温对心血管疾病构成重大风险. 本次审查强调,需要对其对结构性边缘化人口心脏病死亡率的影响进行更多研究,重点关注具体结果和多样化的群体.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 心血管疾病流行病学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 极端高温和热浪是心血管疾病 (CVD) 恶化和死亡的确立危险因素.
- 环境危害,如极端高温对结构性边缘化人口心血管健康的不成比例的影响,仍未得到充分研究.
- 需要进一步的探索,以了解极端高温对这些脆弱群体内心脏病死亡率的具体影响.
研究的目的:
- 进行关于极端高温对心血管死亡率影响的科学文献的范围审查.
- 描述现有的研究,重点关注美国结构性边缘化人口.
- 确定研究缺口,并建议未来研究不同人群中与热有关的心脏风险的方向.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统的搜索.
- 搜索包括从创立到2023年7月的英语手稿,涵盖初级研究,系统评论,元分析和叙事评论.
- 使用了相关的医学主题标题 (MeSH) 和与极端高温,心血管死亡率和边缘化人口相关的关键词.
主要成果:
- 在4674篇选的文章中,有33篇符合纳入标准.
- 大多数包括的研究 (73%) 是观测定量研究,队列研究是最常见的设计 (50%).
- 老年人是研究最多的边缘化群体 (79%),其次是种族/民族 (42%),性别/性别 (42%) 和较低的社会经济地位 (49%). 大多数研究报告了综合性心血管死亡率,很少有人检查心肌梗塞等特定结果.
结论:
- 目前的文献主要集中在老年人和综合心血管死亡率上.
- 需要调查其他边缘化群体,包括残疾人,移民,户外劳动者,监禁人口以及特定的种族/种族群体 (西班牙裔/拉丁裔,美洲原住民,亚裔美国人/太平洋岛民).
- 未来的研究应该检查各种社会经济参数的影响,并分析分类的心脏结果,以更好地了解脆弱人群中与热有关的心血管风险.
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