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在模拟跑步机半马拉松比赛中,跑步距离对每步和累积下肢负荷的影响
Wenjing Quan1, Huiyu Zhou1, Yiwen Ma1
1Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Frontiers in public health
|February 6, 2026
概括
长时间的跑步显著改变了生物力学,增加了膝盖和部等下肢关节的累积负荷. 这项研究追踪了在跑步机半程马拉松比赛期间阿基里斯 (AT) 和关节 (PFJ) 负荷的变化.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 累积损伤冲动是分析长时间跑步关节动力学和组织负荷的关键.
- 关于长时间跑步对下肢骨和软组织的影响的研究有限.
- 了解这些影响对于预防耐力运动员受伤至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究跑步机半马拉松对高性能耐力跑者的生物力学变量的影响.
- 量化每一步的阿基里斯 (AT) 和骨骨关节 (PFJ) 的峰值负荷,冲动和累积冲动.
主要方法:
- 16名精英跑步者在压力传感跑步机上完成了一半马拉松.
- 下肢动力学和动力学是在0公里,10公里,20公里处测量.
- 数据使用Visual3D和肌肉骨建模进行处理;单向重复测量ANOVA用于分析.
主要成果:
- 接触时间和步骤频率增加,而步骤和步伐长度随着跑步距离的增加而减少.
- 脚和部运动范围 (ROM) 减少;脚,膝盖和部关节的累积负荷显著增加.
- 阿基里斯肌 (AT) 的力量最初下降,然后增加,而骨骨关节 (PFJ) 的累积负荷持续上升.
结论:
- 运行机制随着距离的增加而发生显著变化,在补偿负荷中显示出近距离到远距离的转移.
- 膝盖,部,AT和PFJ的累积负荷随着跑步距离的增加而增加.
- 长时间的跑步导致下肢累积负荷增加,突出了潜在的受伤风险.
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