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相关概念视频

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

11.2K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

94.5K
Overview
94.5K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

44.6K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
44.6K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

40.3K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
40.3K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

39.9K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
05:39

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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由转化合成驱动的平类酵母中突变的升高.

Jacob Fredette-Roman, Denise R Smith, Sanad B Omari

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 6, 2026
    PubMed
    概括

    哈普洛伊德酵母细胞表现出比双倍细胞更高的突变率,这是由于对易发生错误的转化合成 (TLS) 的依赖性增加. 删除对TLS至关重要的REV1基因,使得平分类酵母和二分类酵母之间的突变率相等.

    科学领域:

    • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
    • 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
    • 酵母遗传学 酵母遗传学

    背景情况:

    • 突变模式受到选择和遗传漂移的影响,但它们的相对影响仍然不清楚.
    • 单体细胞 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 的突变率高于双体细胞,可能是由于对这种细胞类型的作用有限的选择.
    • 随机基因组的突变发生在迟复制区域,这表明涉及易发生错误的转化合成 (TLS) 修复.

    研究的目的:

    • 调查 haploids 优先使用 TLS 是否解释 haploid 和 diploid 酵母之间的全基因组突变模式差异.
    • 确定 *REV1* 基因在酵母细胞类型之间的差异突变率中的作用.

    主要方法:

    • 突变积累实验在平分体和二分体 *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* 中进行.
    • 对于启动TLS至关重要的*REV1*基因在两种细胞类型 (*rev1*Δ菌株) 中都被删除.
    • 估计了单核酸突变率,并比较了野生型和*rev1*Δ单核酸和双核酸菌株.

    主要成果:

    • 野生类型的双胞胎酵母与野生类型的双胞胎酵母相比,单核酸突变率高出50%.
    • 删除 *REV1* 消除了这种差异,导致单 haploid 和双 haploid *rev1* Δ 菌株的突变率趋同.

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    Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization
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    Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting
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    Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

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  • 发现 *REV1* 基因在两种酵母细胞类型中对线粒体基因组维护至关重要.

    • 结论:

    • 转化合成 (TLS) 的突变性影响在平分类酵母中显著更强,可能是由于选择机会有限.
    • 对TLS的差异依赖有助于在平分类酵母和二分类酵母之间观察到不同的全基因组突变模式.
    • *REV1* 在*Saccharomyces cerevisiae**中,在维持核和线粒体基因组完整性方面发挥着重要作用.