相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay
07:10

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

14.7K

重建HIV-1组合的缺失环节:原生病毒环境中的HIV-1信封-矩阵相互作用

Jacob T Croft, Hung N Do, Daniel P Leaman

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |February 6, 2026
    PubMed
    概括

    艾滋病毒-1包膜糖蛋白 (Env) 结合到病毒体上涉及Env的细胞质尾巴 (Env-CT) 和Gag矩阵 (MA) 域之间的相互作用. 这项研究揭示了肯尼迪序列图案在连接Env和MA中的作用,影响Env聚类和融合活动.

    更多相关视频

    Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

    Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

    Published on: September 26, 2011

    32.2K
    Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V311:10

    Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

    Published on: December 27, 2010

    12.8K

    相关概念视频

    SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:15

    SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

    This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
    In the first step of an SN1 reaction, the bond between the electrophilic carbon and the leaving group ionizes to generate the carbocation intermediate. The second step of the mechanism is the nucleophilic attack.
    In the formed carbocation, the positively charged carbon is sp2 hybridized with a trigonal planar geometry. As all the three substituents lie on the same plane, a plane of symmetry for the...
    10.4K
    SN1 Reaction: Kinetics02:05

    SN1 Reaction: Kinetics

    In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically inert to the SN2 mechanism despite using a strong nucleophile.
    However, Sir Christopher Ingold and Edward D. Hughes, who studied the kinetics of various nucleophilic substitution reactions, noticed that a tertiary alkyl halide does undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a weak nucleophile. While studying the substitution...
    9.6K
    SN1 Reaction: Mechanism02:25

    SN1 Reaction: Mechanism

    Kinetic studies of ionization of a tertiary halide in a protic solvent suggest that only the substrate participates in the rate-determining step (slow step). The nucleophile is involved only after the slowest step. The SN1 reaction takes place in a multiple-step mechanism. 
    Firstly, the haloalkane ionizes to generate a carbocation intermediate and a halide ion. This heterolytic cleavage is highly endothermic with large activation energy. The ionization of the substrate, facilitated by a...
    14.4K
    Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

    Acidity of 1-Alkynes


    The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
    11.2K
    Viral Mutations00:36

    Viral Mutations

    A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
    39.9K
    Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN202:27

    Predicting Products: SN1 vs. SN2

    Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides can proceed via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism. While in SN2 reactions, the nucleophile attacks the substrate simultaneously as the leaving group departs, in SN1 reactions, the substrate first dissociates to give the carbocation intermediate. Various factors such as the structure of the substrate, the strength of the nucleophile, and the nature of the solvent promote one mechanism over the other.
    With increased substitution on the alkyl halide,...
    17.4K