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相关概念视频

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Overview
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Use of the Protease Fluorescent Detection Kit to Determine Protease Activity
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编程T细胞用于早期癌症检测,使用定制的蛋白酶可激活受体.

Hathaichanok Phuengkham, Ying Chen, Anirudh Sivakumar

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    此摘要是机器生成的。

    在OncoSCOUT中,使用具有蛋白酶可激活受体 (PAR) 的工程T细胞进行敏感的早期癌症检测. 这种新的策略通过在尿液中释放合成生物标志物来检测小瘤,其性能优于目前的方法.

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    科学领域:

    • 生物技术是生物技术.
    • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
    • 在瘤学瘤学.

    背景情况:

    • 早期癌症检测显著降低死亡率,但目前的生物标志物对早期疾病缺乏敏感性.
    • 内源性瘤脱落生物标志物往往无法检测到最小的残留疾病或非常小的瘤.
    • 开发用于高度敏感和特定癌症检测的新策略仍然是一个至关重要的未满足需求.

    研究的目的:

    • 开发和验证OncoSCOUT,一种基于T细胞的癌症检测策略,利用蛋白酶可激活受体 (PAR).
    • 为了设计PARs,有条件地识别瘤细胞,并在尿液中释放可检测的合成生物标志物.
    • 评估OncoSCOUT在体内检测小瘤负担的灵敏度和特异性.

    主要方法:

    • 设计的工程T细胞表达合成的Notch受体 (PARs) 与蛋白质酶可切割的链接器.
    • 在 HER2 阳性癌症异种移植模型中选了 HER2 向 PARs 的库.
    • 对OncoSCOUT的检测能力进行了评估,与已知生物标志物如CA 15-3和循环瘤DNA (ctDNA) 相比.

    主要成果:

    • 在OncoSCOUT上,通过要求蛋白酶活性和瘤抗原识别,显示出改善的空间特异性和减少瘤外激活.
    • 识别了多个针对HER2的PAR变体,并在HER2阳性瘤中得到丰富.
    • 在OncoSCOUT检测的瘤负担小于10-30mm3与CA 15-3和20倍数ctDNA测定相比,具有更高的灵敏度.

    结论:

    • 科斯考特代表了早期癌症检测的有前途的新策略,利用工程T细胞和合成生物标志物.
    • 该系统能够检测到微小的瘤体积,这与当前的诊断方法相比是一个显著的进步.
    • 通过更早的干预,OncoSCOUT的进一步开发可能会改善患者的治疗结果.