婴儿发言的皮层跟踪显示出新兴的空间释放从生活的第一年掩盖
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 6, 2026
概括
婴儿,像成年人一样,可以使用掩盖空间释放 (SRM) 来更好地听到噪音中的语音. 这项研究表明,婴儿大脑从空间线索中受益,有助于听觉发育.
科学领域:
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语音感知 语音感知
背景情况:
- 自然环境包含相互竞争的声音,对听觉感知构成挑战.
- 掩蔽空间释放 (SRM) 是一种进化保存的机制,通过从干扰声音的空间分离来帮助目标信号感知.
- 目前尚不清楚发育中的婴儿大脑是否使用SRM来导航杂的听觉环境.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿是否利用掩盖的空间释放 (SRM) 来改善噪音中的语音感知.
- 用神经生理学测量来比较婴儿和成人的SRM影响.
主要方法:
- 脑电图 (EEG) 用于记录7个月和11个月大的婴儿 (N=53) 和成年人 (N=20) 的大脑活动.
- 参与者在三个条件下倾听自然语音:安静,聚合噪音和空间隔离噪音.
- 在各种听力条件下分析了语音的皮质跟踪.
主要成果:
- 婴儿和成人在安静和杂的环境中都表现出强大的皮层语音跟踪能力.
- 成年人表现出增强的语音跟踪与空间隔离的噪音,证实SRM.
- 婴儿也显示了SRM的证据,与分离噪音相比,分离噪音的语音跟踪更强,主要是在前部-中部区域.
结论:
- 发育中的婴儿大脑,甚至在生命的第一年,可以从空间线索的听觉感知受益.
- 这些发现提供了婴儿SRM的第一个神经生理学证据,表明婴儿具有处理空间音频信息的天生的能力.
- 这表明,婴儿利用进化为基础的机制来解决在杂环境中识别相关声音的基本问题.
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