一个系统地图的方法,以评估地球科学信息的社会益处地球科学信息
Casey C O'Hara1, Mabel Baez-Schon2, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer2
1National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara CA 93101.
概括
地球科学信息 (ESI) 的社会价值往往没有量化. 本研究对ESI估值的文献进行了映射,发现大多数研究都集中在使用决策分析的工具价值,强调需要更广泛的估值方法.
科学领域:
- 地球科学 地球科学
- 环境科学环境科学
- 社会影响评估的社会影响评估.
背景情况:
- 遥感地球科学信息 (ESI) 对全球挑战至关重要.
- 在现实世界的决策中量化ESI的社会价值是具有挑战性的,而且很少做到.
- 了解ESI的社会价值是投资和政策调整的关键.
研究的目的:
- 系统地绘制同行评审的文献,评估ESI的社会价值.
- 识别用于在工具性,内在性和关系性价值类型中评估ESI的各种方法.
- 揭示目前ESI估值方法的缺陷.
主要方法:
- 从Scopus,科学网络和精选的ESI估值研究中对13,823篇出版物进行系统的文献映射.
- 确定了171项应用ESI在决策环境中的研究,使用估值方法.
- 估值方法的分类,包括决策分析和偏好诱导.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究都使用决策分析 (例如,信息价值,成本效益分析) 进行定量工具值 (例如,作物产量,挽救生命),特别是在农业中.
- 一个较小的子集使用偏好诱导方法 (调查,采访) 进行定性和关系价值观 (例如,生活质量,赋权).
- 许多研究表明科学价值,但没有明确地将其转化为社会价值.
结论:
- 需要对ESI估值采取更系统,更包容的方法.
- 扩大估值方法可以更好地捕捉ESI的全部社会利益.
- 改进ESI估值可以指导未来的投资,增强公众支持,并使科学与政策目标保持一致.
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