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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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化梯度驱动脂质的自我分离.

Nikol Labecka1, Jenny M Andersson2, Emma Sparr1

  • 1Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund S-221 00, Sweden.

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概括

蒸发会产生水合梯度,导致脂质分离. 和脂质 (DPPC) 移动到接口,而不和脂质 (DOPC) 移动到水合区域,反向比例.

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扩散-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-透-蒸发是蒸发的过程.没有平衡的平衡.脂酸是一种脂酸.自动组装的自动组装机

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科学领域:

  • 软物质物理学 软物质物理学
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 多组分水性混合物的蒸发会产生梯度.
  • 这些梯度可以影响其他成分的组织,如脂质.
  • 脂在生物膜和软物质系统中起着至关重要的作用.

研究的目的:

  • 研究蒸发诱导的水合梯度如何影响脂分离.
  • 了解脂酸链和在这种分离过程中的作用.
  • 开发一个框架来预测蒸发系统中的脂质组织.

主要方法:

  • 高分辨率的共聚焦拉曼显微镜以解析局部组成.
  • 小角和广角X射线散射以确定叶片相和结构.
  • 同时测量沿蒸发方向的组成和结构.

主要成果:

  • 由蒸发引起的水合梯度导致和脂 (DPPC) 和不和脂 (DOPC) 之间的显著分离.
  • DPPC在空气-液体界面积聚,而DOPC则被转移到水分较多的区域.
  • 观察到的脂质分布逆转了初始比例,并且与DPPC (Lβ) 和DOPC (Lα) 阶段的水膨胀能力有关.

结论:

  • 化梯度是蒸发软物质中脂质分离的强有力的驱动因素.
  • 分离现象可以使用平衡化学潜力和多元组分扩散量化描述.
  • 这项工作为预测类似系统中的运输和组织提供了一个一般框架.