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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
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在儿科手术系统审查中评估语言偏差:一项超流行病学研究

Dunya Moghul1, Elena Guadagno2, Shreenik Kundu1

  • 1McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, H3G 2M1, QC, Canada.

Journal of pediatric surgery
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
概括

近60%的儿科手术系统审查 (SRs) 排除了非英语研究,往往没有明确的报告. 这种语言偏见限制了全球研究的洞察力,可能会将证据倾向于西方背景,影响儿科外科证据的有效性.

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Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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