紧张的头脑,改变的策略:急性压力损害了乒乓球运动员的主动控制
Lin Xu1, Ziyi Peng1, Jie Lian1
1School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Brain research bulletin
|February 6, 2026
概括
急性压力改变了运动员的位置.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动心理学 体育心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 强烈的压力显著影响运动员的精神状态和表现.
- 对于运动员来说,认知控制至关重要,以应对意想不到的情况并保持最佳表现.
- 急性压力影响运动员认知控制的确切机制仍在研究中.
研究的目的:
- 调查急性压力对乒乓球运动员主动和反应性认知控制的影响.
- 提供关于压力在运动员认知控制机制中的作用的新见解.
- 探索与运动员急性压力相关的神经认知转变.
主要方法:
- 在25名男性乒乓球运动员中,使用马斯特里赫特急性压力任务 (MAST) 诱导了急性压力.
- 在压力诱导之前和之后收集行为数据和脑电图 (EEG) 数据 (休息状态和与任务相关).
- 在AX-连续性能任务 (AX-CPT) 期间,进行了休息状态EEG的功能连接性分析和与事件相关的潜在 (ERP) 分析与任务相关的EEG.
主要成果:
- 行为结果表明反应时间没有显著变化,但在特定试验 (AY) 后的压力中,准确度有所提高.
- ERP分析显示,随机负变量 (CNV) 幅度下降,N2成分增加,P3a或P3b组件没有显著变化.
- 功能连接分析揭示了视觉网络的压力诱导激活以及与其他大脑区域的增强连接.
结论:
- 急性压力促进视觉和突出网络的大规模激活,有利于运动员的反应性控制而不是主动性控制.
- 在压力下观察到的神经认知转变会影响反应准备,并增强对矛盾信息的监控.
- 这些发现推进了认知控制的双重机制 (DMC) 框架,并为高压运动环境中的性能优化策略提供了见解.
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