第一次哺乳期奶牛的肌肉组织学变化从产前到产后
Rebecca K Coombe1, Quinn L Rosenthal1, Hamood U Rehman1
1Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
Journal of dairy science
|February 6, 2026
概括
具有较低肌肉储备的初级妊娠乳牛生产了更多的牛奶,但在早期哺乳期失去的体重更多. 肌肉深度和纤维类型影响初乳牛的牛奶产量和体重变化.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 牛奶牛的营养 牛奶牛的营养
- 代谢生理学 代谢生理学
背景情况:
- 乳牛动员身体组织,以满足胎儿生长和牛奶生产的营养需求.
- 组织动员程度在多对动物中已经很成熟,但在初孕 (初哺乳) 乳牛中不太了解.
- 了解这些变化对于在关键的过渡时期优化营养和健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在产前和产后的初怀孕乳制品动物中,描述长极背部肌肉深度 (LDD) 和背部脂肪动员.
- 分析肌肉组织学差异 (肌纤维类型和横截面积) 与不同的肌肉储量相关.
- 为了研究产前肌肉储备和产后表现 (奶产,体重减轻) 之间的关系,在第一次哺乳的母牛中.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,涉及21只公牛,分为高肌肉 (HM) 和低肌肉 (LM) 组,基于预产LDD.
- 每周测量LDD,体重 (BW),身体状况得分 (BCS) 和胰岛素,从入学 (5周前分娩) 到产后28天 (DIM).
- 产前和产后收集的肌肉活检用于肌纤维类型分析和横截面积分析;每天记录牛奶产量和摄入量.
主要成果:
- 在哺乳期的前4周,LM母牛比HM母牛产奶量显著增加 (2.3公斤/天),成分产量没有差异.
- 在产后1至4周内,HM奶牛的体重比LM奶牛少20公斤,这表明LM动物的身体组织动员更大.
- 虽然肌纤维截面面积相似,但HM奶牛的IIX型纤维比例更高,而LM奶牛的IIA型纤维更多.
结论:
- 产前肌肉深度是影响产后BW损失,牛奶产量和肌肉纤维类型组成的重要因素.
- 在LM奶牛中,更丰富的甘油性肌纤维 (可能是IIA类型) 可能与更高的牛奶产量有关,但也与更大的BW损失有关.
- 肌肉量和肌纤维状况似乎与早期哺乳期牛奶产量的变化有关,这表明有针对性的营养策略的潜力.
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