对德国乳牛的持续性产生育种价值,重点关注延长哺乳期的表现
1IT Solutions for Animal Production (vit), 27283 Verden, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Journal of dairy science
|February 6, 2026
概括
这项研究引入了乳牛的改良育种价值,增强了长期哺乳期牛奶生产持久性的遗传能力. 新的指数,EBV持久性,有助于选择具有更好的长期生产的动物,有利于生育率和农场经济.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 乳牛养殖 乳牛养殖 乳牛养殖
背景情况:
- 延长哺乳期 (超过305天) 对奶牛群的生育能力,健康,管理和经济回报有显著的好处.
- 德国目前的基因评估,使用随机回归测试日模型,仅限于标准的305天哺乳期.
- 需要改善遗传选择以保持生产特征的持久性,以利用延长的哺乳期.
研究的目的:
- 增强Holstein繁殖动物延长哺乳期的遗传持久性能力.
- 开发一种新的繁殖价值 (EBV),它准确地反映了动物在不同哺乳阶段持久的遗传能力.
- 为了确定最佳的哺乳期间隔来预测持续性.
主要方法:
- 利用1900万个哺乳记录的大数据集,通过使用Legendre多项式来估计持久性的繁殖值 (EBV).
- 哺乳期间隔的计算基因斜率 (bg;x,305) 和延长哺乳期的表型斜率 (bp;150,400) (≥400 DIM).
- 确定了最有信息的哺乳期间隔 (150305 DIM) 来预测持久性,并开发了EBV持久性指数,将蛋白质和脂肪产量遗传倾斜结合起来.
主要成果:
- 在牛奶中,150至305天之间的哺乳间隔 (DIM) 被确定为预测所有生产特征的表型持久性倾斜的最有信息.
- 新开发的EBV持久性指数,正式实施于2023年4月德国Holsteins,结合了蛋白质和脂肪产量的遗传倾斜.
- 估计EBV持久性的累积遗传率为0.34,与总优点指数中的其他特征的相关性最小,除了与牛奶产量和寿命的轻微正相关性.
结论:
- 从150到305 DIM的间隔是评估奶牛遗传持久性的最佳时间.
- 在延长的哺乳期内,EBV持久性为选择具有改善遗传能力的动物提供了有价值的工具,以保持持续的牛奶生产.
- 这种新的特征选择增强了遗传潜力,支持改善动物健康,生育能力和农场利能力.
相关概念视频
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
21.8K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
21.8K
01:07Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects
2.0K
Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
2.0K
01:16Focusing of Light in the Eye
6.1K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.1K
01:27Coping Strategies: Problem Focused
522
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
522
01:20Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused
534
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
534
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
1.6K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.6K