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相关概念视频

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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The concept of flux describes how much of something goes through a given area. More formally, it is the dot product of a vector field within an area. For a better understanding, consider an open rectangular surface with a small area that is placed in a uniform electric field. The larger the area, the more field lines go through it and, hence, the greater the flux; similarly, the stronger the electric field (represented by a greater density of lines), the greater the flux. On the other hand, if...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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通过 eXplainable AI驱动的流量平衡分析,探索长时间通过过程中的CHO细胞稳定性.

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长期用于蛋白质生产的中国仓鼠卵巢 (CHO) 细胞培养面临着稳定性挑战. 这项研究揭示了晚期的CHO细胞将新陈代谢从生长转移到管理氧化应激,影响治疗性蛋白质产量.

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 代谢工程是代谢工程.

背景情况:

  • 中国仓鼠卵巢 (CHO) 细胞系的生产稳定性对于治疗性蛋白质制造至关重要,但在延长的细胞传递过程中经常受到损害.
  • 在晚期CHO文化中,驱动不稳定性和降低生产力的潜在机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 在机理上描述早期通道 (EP) 和晚期通道 (LP) CHO文化之间的表型和代谢差异.
  • 为了确定关键的代谢途径,负责细胞行为和生产率在延长通过的分歧.

主要方法:

  • 时间外代谢物概况的多变量数据分析 (MVDA).
  • 流量平衡分析 (FBA) 与可解释的人工智能 (xAI) 集成,以询问代谢重新连接.
  • 细胞生长,治疗性蛋白质 (IgG) 标位和EP和LP培养之间的关键代谢物度的比较.

主要成果:

  • 晚期通道 (LP) CHO培养物显示可比的高峰可活细胞密度,但与早期通道 (EP) 培养物相比,高峰IgG标位显著降低 (~35%).
  • 在LP培养物中,乳酸和氨的积累增加,表明代谢功能发生了变化.
  • MVDA确定了指数增长阶段是EP和LP培养之间的代谢分歧的关键窗口.

结论:

  • 早期过渡 (EP) CHO细胞优先考虑乙-CoA进行脂肪酸生物合成,以支持增殖.
  • 晚期传递 (LP) CHO 细胞通过转硫路径 (囊和谷氨合成) 转移代谢焦点,以缓解氧化应激,并提高 TCA 循环活性以实现能量稳定.
  • 半氨酸 - 谷氨酸轴是改善CHO细胞培养的长期稳定性和生产力的关键代谢标.