在中高收入国家中,与患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童和青少年的精神病医疗紧急诊所相关的因素
Maria Carolina Lobato Machado1, Ana Clara Brant Moreira Ferreira2, Amanda Carvalho Mitre Chaves2
1Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. lobatocarol@yahoo.com.br.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|February 7, 2026
概括
精神病急诊室是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的关键接入点,特别是当专业护理有限时. 培训急救人员对于在这些神经发育病例中管理行为危机至关重要.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 为寻求及时心理健康支持的家庭带来了独特的挑战.
- 对于患有自闭症儿童和青少年来说,获得专门精神病治疗的机会可能是有限的,特别是在中等收入地区.
- 紧急精神病学服务可以作为未被诊断的或危机呈现的ASD病例的初始联系点.
研究的目的:
- 描述儿童和青少年ASD患者的流行病学和临床特征,这些患者在青少年精神病学急诊室进行评估.
- 确定影响家庭决定寻求ASD相关问题的紧急精神病治疗的因素.
- 评估紧急服务在青少年自闭症诊断和管理中的作用.
主要方法:
- 一个横截面的,描述性的研究,利用对一年时间的回顾性图表审查.
- 纳入标准:确诊自闭症谱系障碍的患者.
- 统计分析涉及皮尔森的奇平方或费舍尔的精确测试对分类数据和学生的t测试连续数据.
主要成果:
- 评估了112名ASD患者,占紧急诊所总数的6.7%.
- 26名患者 (23.2%) 在急诊期间接受了最初的ASD诊断,这表明诊断延迟.
- 呈现的常见原因包括激动,侵略和易怒;与非ASD对照组相比,ASD患者的智力障碍和发病率更高.
结论:
- 精神病医疗急诊室可以作为精神卫生服务的重要入口点,为患有自闭症的儿童和青少年提供心理健康服务,特别是在专业护理的机会受到限制的地方.
- 调查结果强调需要加强紧急专业人员在管理神经发育危机和支持家庭方面的培训.
- 早期识别和干预策略至关重要,紧急设置可以在弥合自闭症患者的护理差距方面发挥作用.
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