基于病例的推理用于瘤学临床试验招聘工具:当您需要患者找到患者时
Lou-Anne Guillotel1, Thierry Lesimple2, Oussama Zekri3
1CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France.
International journal of medical informatics
|February 7, 2026
概括
基于病例的推理 (CBR) 有效地帮助瘤学临床试验患者匹配. 随机森林 (RF) 略高于目标患者相似性 (TPS),即使在患者预查的训练数据有限的情况下,也显示出强大的表现.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 瘤学 临床试验 临床试验
背景情况:
- 临床试验招募面临重大挑战,86%的试验由于患者试验匹配问题而错过了招募目标.
- 基于病例的推理 (CBR) 提供了患者对患者匹配的方法,但在瘤学试验招聘中未得到充分利用.
- 这项研究探讨了CBR在癌症试验中改善患者资格预测的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较两种CBR方法的性能:随机森林 (RF) 和目标患者相似性 (TPS).
- 通过使用现实世界电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据,评估它们在预测患者在瘤临床试验中的资格方面的有效性.
- 评估不同数量的合格患者数据的表现,以进行培训.
主要方法:
- 选择了三项乳腺癌临床试验 (2019-2022年),患者数据从电子健康记录中提取.
- 结构化和非结构化临床叙述数据都使用自然语言处理处理.
- 射频分类器和TPS模型经过训练和验证,使用重复的持久分割,并通过区分和排名指标测量性能.
主要成果:
- 无论是RF (84.1% AUC) 还是TPS (76.4% AUC) 都表现出强大的差异性表现,主要是由高回忆驱动的.
- 与TPS (P@5 = 47.9%) 相比,RF表现出更高的排名表现 (例如,P@5 = 78.6%),特别是在更大的合格队列中.
- 两种模型都在培训数据集中达到10名符合条件的患者的表现平原,治疗,诊断和程序数据是关键预测因素.
结论:
- 在瘤学临床试验中,CBR方法,特别是RF方法,对于预先查患者显著有前途.
- 即使训练数据有限,这些方法也有效,尽管排名表现可能有所不同.
- 将CBR与基于查询的方法相结合,在培训数据稀缺时,可能进一步增强早期招聘.
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