在多样化的劳动力中分配累积的脊柱负载 - 使用数学建模来探索工作负载平等与MSD风险公平在工作负载分配政策中的工作负载平等
Heiko Diefenbach1, W Patrick Neumann2, Christoph H Glock1
1Institute of Production and Supply Chain Management, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Ergonomics
|February 9, 2026
概括
管理人员面临着在工作负载平等和员工受伤风险平等之间做出选择. 两种策略都没有降低肌肉骨疾病 (MSD) 的总体发病率,这表明需要工程控制才能真正降低风险.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 人体工程学就是人体工程学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肌肉骨疾病 (MSDs) 是一个重要的职业健康问题.
- 工人对MSD的敏感性受到工作相关和个人风险因素 (RF) 的影响.
- 工作场所管理必须考虑如何分配风险,当个别工人的脆弱性不同时.
研究的目的:
- 通过数学建模和评估平等和公平政策对工人的MSD风险的影响.
- 为研究人员和从业人员提供有关不同风险管理策略的影响的信息.
- 评估管理控制政策与工程控制对MSD风险降低的有效性.
主要方法:
- 开发一个数学模型来评估工人的MSD风险.
- 在模型中使用后勤回归来进行风险评估.
- 将模型应用于MSDs的现有流行病学数据.
主要成果:
- 无论是平等 (与工作相关的RF分布平等) 还是公平 (MSD风险净分布平等) 政策都没有在集团层面显示出净收益.
- 没有实现风险降低;相反,风险在工人之间转移.
- 行政控制策略对劳动力整体MSD率的影响有限.
结论:
- 工作负荷平等和伤害风险公平政策在很大程度上无效地降低了整体劳动力MSD率.
- 单靠行政控制可能不足以管理职业伤害风险.
- 旨在降低整体工作负载水平的工程控制,建议大幅降低MSD风险.
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