在短跑者中,神经肌肉适应自动调节的基于速度的与基于固定百分比的式训练
Hanzhao Guo1, Lingfeng Zhang2, Zhanfei Zheng3
1College of Sports Science, Guangzhou Huali College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Frontiers in physiology
|February 9, 2026
概括
基于速度的训练 (VBT) 在最大力量,冲刺时间和改变方向的表现方面表现得更好,而不是大学冲刺者的基于百分比的训练 (PBT).
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 竞技表现运动员的表现
背景情况:
- 传统的基于百分比的训练 (PBT) 依赖于固定负载,可能导致低于最佳的训练刺激.
- 自动调节的基于速度的训练 (VBT) 根据实时运动速度调整负载,旨在实现一致的训练强度.
- 这两种方法都用于增强运动员的神经肌肉性能,但对像短跑者这样的特定人群的直接比较是有价值的.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较自动调节的基于速度的训练 (VBT) 与传统的基于固定百分比的训练 (PBT) 对大学短跑者的神经肌肉性能的影响.
- 为了确定哪种训练方法在力量,动力,速度和敏捷性方面产生了卓越的改进.
主要方法:
- 20名男大学短跑运动员参加了为期6周的背训练计划,每周3次.
- 两组都进行了五组五次重复,休息3分钟,体量和运动相匹配.
- VBT组调整负载以保持平均推进速度为~0.54 m/s,而PBT组使用了80%的预干预1RM.
主要成果:
- 无论是VBT还是PBT都显著改善了反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 高度和站立远跳 (SLJ) 性能,两组之间没有显著差异.
- 与PBT相比,VBT在1RM背强度 (+16.4%与+11.5%),20米冲刺时间 (-3.7%与-1.6%) 和改变方向 (COD) 性能 (-3.2%与-1.5%) 中获得了显著更大的改进.
- 两组相对峰值功率输出也显示出显著的改善,VBT和PBT之间没有显著的差异.
结论:
- 基于速度的训练 (VBT) 和基于百分比的训练 (PBT) 都可以提高大学短跑者的关键神经肌肉性能指标.
- 在提高最大力量,冲刺速度和改变方向的能力方面,VBT在统计学上比PBT显著优势.
- 对于大学短跑运动员来说,VBT可能是一个更有效的训练策略,旨在优化最大力量,冲刺表现和COD.
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