大脑中的语义轴支持模拟表示
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 9, 2026
概括
人类大脑使用一致的几何方向或语义轴来表示单词含义,类似于人工智能模型. 这种几何结构是不同语义类别的模拟推理的基础.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 人工智能中的矢量嵌入揭示了一致的语义方向 (轴).
- 这些轴可以实现转换,例如使用性别向量从"国王"预测"女王".
- 大脑的神经表示也可能遵循语义处理的几何原理.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究人类大脑中的语义特征是否表现出一致的矢量方向.
- 探索与模拟推理相关的神经反应的几何结构.
- 将神经表示几何与大型语言模型进行比较.
主要方法:
- 记录了三个大脑区域 (海马体,ACC,OFC) 的单个神经元活动,而参与者则收听播客.
- 分析了15个类别的神经反应 (性别,数量,安东尼米等). ) 的情况.
- 在神经多元体中检查了矢量方向和几何结构 (平行图,镜).
主要成果:
- 在所有三个区域的语义类别中观察到一致的向量方向 (平行图结构).
- 在代词中发现了可因数分解的语义轴 ( prismatic 结构) 的证据.
- 已知区域专业化 (例如,海马体用于名词多元化,ACC用于词汇对称) 和部分功能专业化在神经元水平.
结论:
- 人类大脑使用几何原理,包括一致的语义轴,来表示单词含义和模拟推理.
- 神经表示几何学与大型语言模型中发现的结构相似.
- 研究结果支持像模拟推理这样的认知功能的几何基础.
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