发展心理健康敏感学校概念:聚焦小组讨论的见解
Viktoriia Gorbunova1,2, Vitalii Klymchuk2,3, Olha Faryma4,5
1Department of Social and Applied Psychology, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine.
PLOS mental health
|February 9, 2026
概括
心理健康敏感学校概念 (MHSS) 旨在在战争期间将心理健康支持纳入乌克兰学校. 主要挑战包括资金不足和员工倦怠,需要系统性政策改革和教师培训才能有效实施.
科学领域:
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 创伤研究 创伤研究
背景情况:
- 乌克兰持续的战争严重影响了学生和教育工作者的心理健康,使现有的学校心理支持系统受到压力.
- 乌克兰学校心理服务于1993年成立,经历了长期的资金不足,人力不足以及与政策和医疗保健的隔离.
- 迫切需要在教育环境中解决心理健康危机,特别是在受危机影响的地区.
研究的目的:
- 探索为乌克兰教育环境开发心理健康敏感学校概念 (MHSS).
- 确定将心理健康考虑纳入学校政策和实践的障碍和促进因素.
- 提出一种系统和参与式的方法,以加强基于学校的心理健康支持.
主要方法:
- 使用12个重点小组讨论 (FGD) 与205名参与者进行定性研究设计.
- 参与者包括乌克兰五个地区的学校管理人员,教师,心理学家,社会教学家和学生.
- 应用了主题分析来综合讨论意识,干预,障碍和角色的发现.
主要成果:
- 利益相关者强烈支持将心理健康纳入学校政策,但发现了重大挑战:资源有限,员工倦怠,耻辱和教师培训不足.
- 关键主题围绕心理健康意识,耻辱减少,学校干预,政策制定,能力建设和危机适应.
- 强调需要有结构的政策支持,扩大心理服务和加强教师培训,为创伤信息的MHSS提供信息.
结论:
- 迫切需要进行系统性改革,将心理健康纳入乌克兰的学校环境.
- 对于 MHSS 框架,建议采用分层干预模式 (促进,预防,早期支持,转诊).
- 成功实施需要政策支持,财务投资和多方利益相关者的合作,以实现可持续的创伤教育学校.
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