在2023年佛罗里达州本土疟疾集群期间,通过追溯转录介导放大测试进行增强的非测试风险减轻的献血者查
David J Sullivan1, Marion C Lanteri2,3, Vanessa Bres4
1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
|February 9, 2026
概括
输血传播的疟疾在美国很少见. 在2023年佛罗里达州爆发后,加强了查和病原体减少策略,在献血中没有发现疟疾.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 输血安全 输血安全
背景情况:
- 输血传染疟疾 (TTM) 在美国具有极小但持久的风险,最近的病例与延期期外的个人有关.
- 自主疟疾爆发,例如2023年佛罗里达州的Plasmodium vivax爆发,突出了超出旅行历史的潜在传播路线.
- 由于没有经批准的血液捐献者疟疾查测试,因此需要采取积极的风险减轻策略.
研究的目的:
- 评估在当地疟疾爆发期间实施的加强献血者查和病原体减少措施的有效性.
- 通过核酸检测 (NAT) 来评估来自受影响地区和周边地区的献血者中疟疾的患病率.
- 在本土疟疾疫情的背景下调查输血传播疟疾的风险.
主要方法:
- 使用转录介导放大 (TMA) NAT. 进行献血样本的回顾性分析.
- 在佛罗里达州萨拉索塔和迈阿密的特定邮政编码的样本上进行向核酸测试.
- 实施非测试供体风险减轻策略,包括通过当地血液中心加强查和病原体减少.
主要成果:
- 来自萨拉索塔和迈阿密邮政编码的所有经过测试的供体样本 (n=436) 通过核酸测试对疟疾没有反应.
- 在研究期间,本地没有报告过输血传播疟疾病例.
- 蚊子控制,增加综合征监测和血液中心干预措施同时实施.
结论:
- 增强的献血者查和病原体减少策略似乎有效地减轻了当地疟疾爆发期间的TTM风险.
- 核酸检测没有在研究的供体群体中检测到疟疾,支持血液供应的安全性.
- 涉及公共卫生,载体控制和血液储存的多方面的方法对于管理TTM风险至关重要.
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