评估登革热疫情对献血安全的风险,超出澳大利亚重大疫情地区
Elvina Viennet1,2,3, Veronica Hoad1,4, Francesca D Frentiu2
1Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Vox sanguinis
|February 9, 2026
概括
在澳大利亚,通过输血传染登革热的风险极低,即使是从疫情地区返回的旅客. 目前在疫情爆发区以外的限制是不必要的,以确保血液安全.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 输血安全 输血安全
背景情况:
- 登革热病毒在病毒性血症期间可以存在血液中,这构成了输血传播的理论风险.
- 虽然很少见,但国际血液运营商经常对从登革热流行地区返回的个人实施捐献者限制或测试.
- 澳大利亚虽然不是本土流行,但有容易受到登革热传播的地区,并经历了当地爆发.
研究的目的:
- 评估来自澳大利亚登革热爆发地区的旅行者所带来的输血安全风险.
- 为澳大利亚制定基于证据的血液安全政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用国家监测数据和空间分析确定了登革热疫情.
- 欧洲前期风险评估工具与国家数据一起用于建模输血风险.
- 在重大爆发期间,在国家和次国家层面评估了风险.
主要成果:
- 据估计,在全国范围内,登革热感染的血液成分造成严重后果的风险非常低 (每134亿分之一至134亿分之一).
- 风险存在区域差异,但绝对影响仍然可以忽略不计.
结论:
- 从澳大利亚疫情回归到非接收地区的旅行者身上,输血传播登革热的残留风险是可以忽略不计的.
- 不需要在活跃疫情地区之外进行额外的旅行查,限制或测试.
- 该研究为澳大利亚的地理目标,基于风险的血液安全政策提供了框架.
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