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相关概念视频

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

197.0K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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    这项研究引入了AGEP_TWAS,这是一种新的基因表达预测方法,它使用里程碑基因准确预测整个组织的基因表达水平,优于现有模型. 这一进步有助于理解基因功能,并改善转录组范围的关联研究 (TWAS).

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    科学领域:

    • 基因组学就是基因组学.
    • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
    • 计算生物学 计算生物学

    背景情况:

    • 预测跨组织的基因表达对于功能基因组学和全转录组关联研究 (TWAS) 至关重要.
    • 传统的基因表达预测方法是低效的,并且不考虑缺失的单核酸多态 (SNP),限制了它们的预测能力.
    • 标志性基因反映细胞状态,为预测全基因组基因表达提供了有希望的方法.

    研究的目的:

    • 开发一种先进的基因表达预测方法,AGEP_TWAS,利用里程碑基因提高准确性和效率.
    • 解决现有方法的局限性,包括效率低下和缺失SNP的处理.
    • 通过提供更可靠的基因表达预测来增强TWAS的实用性.

    主要方法:

    • AGEP_TWAS在非线性特征提取框架内采用密集的连接网络,自适应激活功能和参数修剪.
    • 该方法利用特定组织的基因标志基因来预测其他基因的表达水平.
    • 该方法在人类GEO和CattleGTEx数据集上得到了验证.

    主要成果:

    • 在人类GEO数据集上,AGEP_TWAS实现了0.1821的平均平方误差 (MSE) 和0.9004的皮尔森相关系数 (PCC),表现优于最先进的模型.
    • 该方法在CattleGTEx数据集上显示出卓越的预测性能,用于推断牛组织的基因表达.
    • 关于牛奶生产特征的TWAS发现了与该特征相关的六个重要基因,展示了实际应用.

    结论:

    • AGEP_TWAS在基因表达预测方面取得了重大进展,特别是在传统方法难以预测的基因中.
    • 该方法利用里程碑基因和处理缺失的SNP的能力提高了预测准确性和效率.
    • AGEP_TWAS对推进功能基因组学,TWAS和识别与复杂特征相关的基因具有实际意义.