与青素和硫胺过敏以及史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征/有毒表皮解相关的因素
Abeo Hayath Mousse1, Sylvie Bregigeon2, Laurent Hocqueloux3
1Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France.
AIDS (London, England)
|February 10, 2026
概括
艾滋病毒感染者的青素和硫胺过敏率较低. 种族背景显著影响过敏风险,而HLA-B*57:01的关联并不显著.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 药物基因组学 药物基因组学
背景情况:
- 艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 对药物反应的敏感性增加.
- 了解青素,硫胺等药物过敏以及严重的皮肤不良反应 (史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征/有毒表皮解 - SJS/TEN) 在PWH管理中至关重要.
- 在PWH人群中,HLA-B*57:01在这些反应中的作用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 确定艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中青素过敏,硫胺过敏和SJS/TEN的流行率.
- 为了确定与这些药物过敏相关的人口因素在PWH.
- 评估HLA-B*57:01和PWH中药物过敏之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一个回顾性队列研究包括35,924名艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 在2000年1月至2023年12月的HLA-B*57:01结果.
- 使用后勤回归模型分析药物过敏与人口统计/遗传因素之间的关联.
- 计算了具有95%置信区间 (CI) 的流行率和赔率比率 (OR).
主要成果:
- 患病率为青素过敏的1.05%,硫胺过敏的1.01%,SJS/TEN的0.15%.
- 艾滋病状况和女性性别与某些过敏的风险增加有关.
- 在青素和硫胺过敏风险中观察到显著的种族差异,欧洲和北非的个人风险更高,撒哈拉以南非洲的风险更低. HLA-B*57:01显示出与青素过敏 (OR 1.34) 的非显著的正相关性.
结论:
- 在联合抗逆转录病毒疗法时代,艾滋病毒感染者的青素和硫胺过敏的患病率较低.
- 种族背景是影响PWH青素和硫胺过敏风险的一个重要因素.
- 该研究没有发现HLA-B*57:01和青素过敏之间的统计学意义上的关联.
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