塑料对珊瑚礁的威胁:巴厘岛海洋保护区的战略管理视角
I Gede Hendrawan1, Ade Riestiari Sudarmawan2, Putra Bagus Panji Pamungkas3
1Department of Marine Science, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia; Center for Remote Sensing and Ocean Sciences, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia; Plastic in Societies (PISCES) Living Lab, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.
Marine pollution bulletin
|February 10, 2026
概括
塑料污染甚至在海洋保护区 (MPA) 中也威胁着珊瑚礁. 减少废物投入是珊瑚礁恢复和恢复能力的关键,尽管观察到退化.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 塑料污染对全球珊瑚礁生态系统构成重大威胁.
- 海洋保护区 (MPA) 并没有免受塑料垃圾的普遍问题.
- 了解海洋保护区内的塑料污染动态对于有效的保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估巴厘岛两个海洋保护区的巨型塑料和微型塑料污染水平:Karangasem和Nusa Penida.
- 评估塑料垃圾对珊瑚健康和生态系统弹性的影响.
- 为了确定在研究的珊瑚礁环境中占主导地位的塑料聚合物类型.
主要方法:
- 使用水下照片截图 (UPT) 方法进行珊瑚健康评估.
- 现场采样和实验室分析用于识别巨型塑料和微型塑料.
- 拉曼光谱用于聚合物识别 (例如,聚乙烯-PET,LDPE).
主要成果:
- 与Nusa Penida相比,Karangasem MPA中巨型塑料的积累率更高.
- 微塑料度在两种MPA中都是相似的,并在珊瑚组织中检测到.
- 聚乙烯 (PET和LDPE) 被确定为主要的微塑料聚合物.
- 污染负载指数 (PLI) 表示生态风险低,但在两种MPA中都观察到珊瑚退化.
结论:
- 巨型塑料碎片可能对珊瑚礁产生更直接的物理影响.
- 尽管受损,但研究的海洋保护区显示出高的生态弹性和恢复潜力.
- 加强废物管理,能力建设和融资对于减少塑料泄漏和支持珊瑚礁恢复至关重要.
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