增加社会排斥群体接种疫苗的干预措施:系统审查
Emma Sidebotham1, Deborah M Caldwell2, Sarah R Davies2
1South West Public Health Training Programme, Severn Postgraduate Medical Education School of Public Health, United Kingdom.
Vaccine
|February 10, 2026
概括
加快的疫苗接种计划和财政激励措施显示,在社会排斥群体中增加疫苗接种的可能性很大. 然而,需要更多高质量的研究来证实这些发现,并探索其他干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种和疫苗可预防疾病的负担存在重大不平等.
- 解决这些差异需要有效的策略来提高社会排斥群体的疫苗接种率.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估旨在增加社会排斥群体接种疫苗的干预措施的有效性.
- 确定有希望的策略,以提高脆弱社区的免疫覆盖率.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 和非随机研究的系统审查,评估世卫组织免疫计划中的任何疫苗的干预措施.
- 包括专注于社会排斥群体的研究,例如无家可归者和吸毒者.
- 使用随机效应元分析和效果方向图分析数据,使用Cochrane工具评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 20项研究 (18项RCT,2项非随机) 符合符合资格标准,其中大多数研究重点是使用毒品的人群中的乙型肝炎 (HBV) 疫苗接种.
- 分析表明,加速HBV疫苗接种计划 (OR: 1.45) 和财务激励 (OR: 5.36) 有潜在的益处,对证据的信心适度.
- 其他干预措施,包括教育举措和激励面试,显示不确的结果,许多研究具有偏见的高风险.
结论:
- 加快疫苗接种计划和财政激励似乎是改善某些社会排斥群体接种疫苗的有希望的策略.
- 由于缺乏高质量的研究,总体结论受到限制,这凸显了该领域进一步严格研究的必要性.
- 有针对性的干预措施对于减少与疫苗接种覆盖率相关的健康不平等至关重要.
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