卡在空间里,但不是时间里:一个静止的猎物中的多个规模的资源选择
Roel May1, Craig Ryan Jackson2, Justin Wanda3
1Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, Trondheim, NO-7034, Norway. roel.may@nina.no.
Movement ecology
|February 10, 2026
概括
通过在不同尺度上调整息地使用来平衡食和掠食风险. 人类的存在与自然的捕食者系统相比,大大改变了它们的反捕食者行为.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物行为 野生动物行为
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 猎物物种必须适应息地选择,以减轻掠食风险和人类干扰.
- 风险分配假设表明,猎物优先在低风险地区和时间寻找食物.
- 为了测试这一假设,研究了塞伦盖蒂生态系统中的伊马拉 (Aepyceros melampus).
研究的目的:
- 调查impalas如何在景观和家庭范围的水平上平衡料获取与掠食风险.
- 为了确定 impalas 是否在时间上 (日历,月球周期) 和空间上调整息地选择.
- 为了比较塞伦盖蒂国家公园 (SNP) 内部和外部的impala反应.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自36个impalas (2016-2018) 的GPS跟踪数据.
- 使用资源选择函数建模的多尺度资源选择.
- 分析了树木覆盖,料可用性 (NDVI) 和危险区域 (地形崎,接近水) 的选择.
主要成果:
- 伊马拉斯最大限度地增加了料,并最大限度地降低了风险,特别是在景观层面.
- 家庭范围位于靠近水的林地;范围内的首选区域更为异质和崎.
- 在SNP之外,家园范围转移到离水更远的不那么崎的地形;观察到与日和月周期的时间调整.
结论:
- 伊马拉在一个"恐惧的景观"中航行,平衡食物和安全.
- 人类的存在充当"超级捕食者",导致比自然捕食者更强烈的行为变化.
- 息地选择反映了长期空间风险避免和短期时间风险管理之间的权衡.
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