年级较小的孩子在小学期间患ADHD诊断的可能性不大:关于相对年龄影响为零的重复证据
Eric Hengyu Hu1, Stephen V Faraone2, Paul L Morgan1
1University at Albany, SUNY, NY, USA.
Journal of attention disorders
|February 11, 2026
概括
这项研究没有发现,年龄较小的学生在美国小学增加了注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 诊断的风险. 研究结果表明,相对年龄不是儿童期多动症诊断的重要因素.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,在注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 诊断中,相对年龄影响 (RAE),在队列中,较年轻的儿童更有可能被诊断出患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD).
- 然而,现有的研究往往使用过时的数据,缺乏社会人口统计学适度分析,很少使用纵向设计.
研究的目的:
- 调查作为相对较年轻的学生进入幼儿园是否会影响在小学期间接受ADHD诊断的可能性.
- 通过种族,种族,性别,社会经济地位和家庭语言来研究RAE的潜在缓解.
主要方法:
- 对具有全国代表性的幼儿园对象研究 (ECLS-K: 2011) 进行分析,共计11,410名学生.
- 使用后勤回归模型来评估相对年龄和ADHD诊断 (特定于年级和累积) 之间的关系.
- 离散时间事件历史逻辑模型分析了从幼儿园到五年级的ADHD诊断的时间,以及适度分析的交互术语.
主要成果:
- 总的来说,这项研究发现很少有证据支持ADHD诊断中的RAE,无论是累积的还是特定等级的.
- 事件史模型显示,相对年龄和ADHD诊断的时间之间没有显著的关联.
- 虽然孤立的相互作用表明黑人儿童和某些年级的非英语家庭的孩子可能会有RAE,但在多次比较纠正后,这些并非一致或具有统计学意义.
结论:
- 与以前使用旧数据集的研究相反,这项研究没有发现美国小学ADHD诊断中的RAE.
- 研究结果表明,在同学中相对年轻并不增加美国小学年龄儿童被诊断患有多动症的风险.
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