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认知训练对20年来基于索赔诊断的痴呆症的影响:来自ACTIVE研究的证据
Norma B Coe1,2, Katherine E M Miller3, Chuxuan Sun1
1Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)
|February 11, 2026
概括
专注于处理速度的认知训练,特别是辅助训练,可能会降低患阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的风险. 这一发现为推迟ADRD诊断在20年内提供了潜在的策略.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 认知训练对阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 风险的长期影响在很大程度上是未知的.
- 之前的研究还没有确定认知干预与长期ADRD发病率降低之间的明确联系.
研究的目的:
- 研究认知训练对发展阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的风险的长期影响.
- 为了确定特定类型的认知训练,作为高级认知训练的独立和重要老年人 (ACTIVE) 研究的一部分,影响ADRD诊断超过二十年.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自独立和重要老年人的高级认知训练 (ACTIVE) 随机对照试验的数据.
- 将ACTIVE研究参与者 (n=2021) 与1999年至2019年的医疗保险索赔数据联系起来.
- 使用慢性病仓库算法评估阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD).
主要成果:
- 认知训练侧重于处理速度,加上增强训练,显著降低了被诊断为ADRD的风险 (HR:0.75,95%CI:0.59,0.95).
- 没有强化学习的处理速度训练并没有显著降低ADRD风险 (HR:1.01,95%CI:0.81,1.27).
- 记忆或推理训练对ADRD风险没有显著影响.
结论:
- 针对认知处理速度的认知训练显示,有可能延迟阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 的诊断.
- ACTIVE研究的结果表明,基于速度的认知干预措施可能在20年的随访期间对ADRD产生保护作用.
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