与撒哈拉以南非洲的母体艾滋病毒感染相关的早产所导致的新生儿死亡率,1990-2020年
Nkazi Nchinda1, Joris Hemelaar
1Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
AIDS (London, England)
|February 11, 2026
概括
在撒哈拉以南非洲,与母体艾滋病毒相关的早产导致的新生儿死亡率正在上升. 这些死亡人数现在超过了直接的艾滋病毒/艾滋病婴儿死亡率,特别是在高患病率地区.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 孕产妇和儿童的健康
背景情况:
- 孕产妇感染艾滋病毒是早产的重要危险因素.
- 在全球范围内,早产并发症对新生儿死亡率有很大影响.
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区面临着艾滋病毒和早产的高负担.
研究的目的:
- 估计1990年至2020年撒哈拉以南非洲地区与孕产妇艾滋病毒感染相关的早产产所造成的新生儿死亡负担.
- 分析三十年来因早产产而导致的HIV相关新生儿死亡率的趋势.
- 将可归因于艾滋病毒的早产死亡率与直接的艾滋病毒/艾滋病婴儿死亡率进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项模型研究,利用系统性审查,元分析和全球疾病负担研究的数据.
- 综合估计艾滋病毒感染孕妇过早分娩风险过高 (WLHIV).
- 利用UNAIDS关于撒哈拉以南非洲地区WLHIV抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖率的数据.
主要成果:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲 (1990-2020年) 估计有85,288例新生儿死亡被归因于与艾滋病毒相关的早产.
- 死亡率趋势初步上升,随后下降,并最近恢复到2000年代初的水平.
- 2020年,与艾滋病毒相关的早产死亡人数超过了直接的艾滋病毒/艾滋病婴儿死亡人数,特别是在艾滋病毒流行率高的国家.
结论:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲,由于艾滋病毒导致的早产导致的新生儿死亡率越来越令人担忧.
- 这种死亡负担现在超过了由艾滋病毒/艾滋病直接导致的婴儿死亡.
- 需要紧急干预,特别是在艾滋病毒流行率高的地区.
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