社会不对称性和患病率和死亡率风险
Pei Qin1, Eileen K Graham2, Anthony D Ong3
1Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
JAMA network open
|February 11, 2026
概括
社会不对称性,感知孤独与实际社会联系之间的差距,增加了心血管疾病和死亡率的风险. 了解这种差异对于识别易受不良健康结果影响的个体至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 心血管疾病研究研究
背景情况:
- 社会不对称性,定义为主观孤独和客观社会联系之间的差异,是不太了解的.
- 孤独和社会隔离都与增加的发病率和过早死亡率有关.
- 孤独和社会隔离对健康结果的综合影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查社会不对称性与发展新疾病 (发病率) 和死亡 (死亡率) 的风险之间的联系.
- 分析一个大型的全国老年人群中的社会不对称性.
- 为了确定孤独感和社交联系之间的差异是否预测不良健康事件.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,利用英语长度老化研究 (ELSA) 第4波 (2008-2009) 的数据.
- 包括英格兰50岁及以上的参与者.
- 通过对社会隔离得分的孤独得分进行回归来计算社会不对称性;结果包括发生的心血管疾病 (CVD),慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD),痴呆症和全因死亡率,通过链接的健康记录追踪到2024年.
主要成果:
- 更高的社会不对称性与患心血管疾病 (HR, 1.06) 和全因死亡率 (HR, 1.04) 的风险增加显著相关.
- 被归类为"社会脆弱" (高度孤独,低孤立) 的个人与"社会弹性"相比,死亡率,心血管疾病和COPD的风险更高.
- "一致高孤独"组 (高度孤独,高度孤立) 对所有研究的健康结果都显示出增加的风险,而"不一致易感"组 (高度孤独,低孤立) 则面临心血管疾病和死亡风险的增加.
结论:
- 这项研究强调,社会不对称性是老年人发病率和死亡率的重要预测因素.
- 这些发现强调了评估主观孤独和客观社会孤立的重要性,以准确地衡量健康风险.
- 对社会不对称性的新型测量可以识别针对性卫生干预的高风险个体.
相关概念视频
Social Scripts
10.3K
People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
10.3K
Social Proof
32.4K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
32.4K
Social Traps
27.0K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
27.0K
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters
7.2K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
7.2K
Social Facilitation
36.6K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.6K
Social Loafing
39.7K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
39.7K


