在低收入和中等收入环境中扩大基于社区的对传导性听力损失的护理
De Wet Swanepoel1,2,3
1Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.
Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery
|February 11, 2026
概括
针对传导性听力损失 (CHL) 的社区护理现在在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 是可行的. 任务共享,技术和培训方面的进步使得有效的分散式耳和听力医疗保健提供成为可能.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 导电性听力损失 (CHL) 仍然是低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的重大公共卫生挑战.
- 分散的服务提供模式对于改善在资源有限的环境中获得耳朵和听力护理的机会至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近在LMIC中基于社区的CHL护理方面的进展.
- 评估耳朵和听力医疗服务的分散服务供应的可行性和有效性.
主要方法:
- 系统审查最近关于社区基础CHL护理的文献.
- 分析世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的指导方针和任务共享框架.
- 评估用于查,诊断和康复的技术创新.
主要成果:
- 世卫组织支持对初级耳朵和听力护理的任务共享,包括社区卫生工作者 (CHW) 的角色.
- 肺炎球菌疫苗接种试验显示持续的中耳炎预防和听力改善.
- 基于智能手机的工具 (人工智能耳视镜,移动耳 tympanometry) 允许准确的社区层面的识别.
- 医疗保健医生和护士可以安全地管理常见的CHL原因,如膜冲击和中耳炎.
- 基于社区的助听器提供与专业模型相提并论的结果.
结论:
- 基于社区的CHL护理是可行的,安全和有效的,有适当的培训,技术和任务共享.
- 扩大规模的主要障碍是健康规划和融资,而不是技术限制.
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