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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
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Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
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Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
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Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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在结构增强的LiMnO2阴极中介于接口的Jahn-Teller效应.

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我们开发了一种新的交界轨道排序策略,通过抑制Jahn-Teller扭曲来稳定富含酸的氧化阴极. 这种方法显著提高了无电池应用的循环稳定性.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 固态化学 固态化学

背景情况:

  • 富含的氧化是有前途的无天极材料.
  • 3+离子的合作雅恩-泰勒 (CJT) 扭曲限制了它们的电化学性能.
  • 目前的缓解策略并不完全解决不稳定的电子来源.

研究的目的:

  • 引入一种新的界面轨道排序范式,以抑制CJT扭曲的根源.
  • 设计和描述一个带有非线性Jahn-Teller (JT) 排序 (SLNC-LMO) 的旋转层LiMnO2异构结构.
  • 为了证明这种策略在提高正极稳定性和性能方面的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 使用非对线JT排序构建一个螺旋层LiMnO2异构结构.
  • 原子分辨率成像用于分析八面体排列.
  • 密度函数理论 (DFT) 计算用于研究电子结构和轨道相互作用.
  • 电化学循环测试以评估性能.

主要成果:

  • 原子分辨率成像证实了SLNC-LMO异构结构中的近直角MnO6八面体.
  • DFT计算揭示了SLNC-LMO中的轨道几何挫折,将eg轨道分裂能量降低到0.24 eV (对准线模拟的1.12 eV).
  • SLNC-LMO阴极表现出极好的循环稳定性,在500个循环后保持100%的容量.

结论:

  • 接口轨道顺序通过诱导轨道几何挫折,有效地抑制CJT扭曲.
  • 在SLNC-LMO的异构结构显示出优越的电化学稳定性,相比对线性类似物.
  • 这项工作确立了接口轨道工程作为稳定Jahn-Teller活性电极材料的可行设计原则.