区域皮层厚度和表面积对精神病风险认知功能的贡献
Ryan M Guest1, Jean Addington2, Carrie E Bearden3
1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Schizophrenia research
|February 11, 2026
概括
患有精神病临床高风险的个体的认知功能与特定大脑区域的皮质厚度和总表面积有关. 这些发现突出了独特的神经发育模式,影响了精神病风险早期的认知.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 在精神分裂症中,认知缺陷从早期阶段就存在,包括前兆期.
- 患有精神病临床高风险 (CHR-P) 的青少年和年轻人表现出认知障碍,无论未来的诊断如何.
- 在CHR-P样本中,这些认知缺陷背后的特定皮质形态基质仍未得到充分探索,特别是皮质厚度 (CTh) 和表面积 (SA) 的独特作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查区域皮层形态学 (皮层厚度和表面积) 与临床精神病高风险青年 (CHR-P) 的认知功能之间的关联.
- 检查这些关联在CHR-P个体和健康对照人群之间有什么不同.
- 探索精神病早期认知缺陷的潜在神经发育基础.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自北美前长度研究 (NAPLS) 队列的463名CHR-P参与者和210名健康对照 (年龄12-35岁) 的结构性MRI扫描.
- 使用韦克斯勒缩短智力表 (WASI-II) 全尺度智商 (FSIQ-2) 评估认知功能.
- 采用多重线性回归来分析区域皮层厚度 (CTh),表面积 (SA) 和FSIQ-2分数之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 额头对面 (例如,侧面轨道前皮层,中心前环) 和侧面尾区域的CTh增加与CHR-P组中更好的认知功能有关.
- 在健康对照组中,没有发现CTh和认知功能之间的显著关联.
- 在CHR-P和健康对照组中,在皮层中增加的SA与更好的认知功能相关,在CHR-P组中观察到更广泛的模式.
结论:
- 将皮质体积分解为CTh和SA对于理解认知变异至关重要,揭示了共享和特定群体的神经基质.
- 异常的神经发育过程,可能包括皮质稀薄,可能会在精神病风险的早期阶段扰乱个体的认知功能.
- 这些发现为未来研究早期精神病和潜在干预目标中认知缺陷的神经生物学提供了基础.
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