化品消费的相对定量数据:在中国广州进行的一项在线调查
Junfeng Deng1, Zhen Wu2, Xiaodan Lu1
1Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP
|February 11, 2026
概括
这项研究为中国提供了重要的化品消费数据,揭示了比以前报告的使用率更高. 这项研究对于该地区准确的化品安全评估至关重要.
科学领域:
- 化品科学 化品科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 可靠的化品消费数据对于准确的暴露和安全评估至关重要.
- 中国以前依赖非本地数据,可能导致不准确的安全评估.
- 当地消费模式是必要的,以弥补中国化品安全评估中的数据缺口.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国广州市化品消费的频率和数量.
- 建立一个可靠的数据集,用于中国人口的化品消费.
- 将当地消费数据与现有的国际安全评估基准进行比较.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项在线问卷调查,以收集关于化品使用的数据.
- 通过后续调查,消费记录和测量,调查问卷的可靠性和有效性得到证实.
- 分析了2013年有效问卷的数据,以确定消费模式.
主要成果:
- 洗,洗发水和牙膏的使用率超过了80%.
- 个人卫生产品是最常用的 (平均每天使用两次).
- 液体肥的消费量最高 (平均4.42g/天),区域消费模式不同.
结论:
- 中国的化品消费水平,特别是某些产品,高于SCCS (消费者安全科学委员会) 报告的水平.
- 这项研究提供了中国首个关于化品消费的大规模准确数据集.
- 这些发现对于加强对中国人口的化品安全评估和确保消费者安全至关重要.
相关概念视频
Data Collection by Survey
9.1K
The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
9.1K
Surveys
17.0K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
17.0K
Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys
1.1K
Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
1.1K
Errors and Mistakes in Surveying
738
Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
738
Types of Surveys
374
Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
374
Survey Safety
418
Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
418


