对移植研究中的同行评审进行大型语言模型的评估:算法验证研究研究
Selena Ming Shen1, Zifu Wang2, Krittika Paul3
1Pine View School, Osprey, FL, United States.
JMIR AI
|February 11, 2026
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示出有望协助科学同行评审,特别是在器官移植方面. 然而,目前的LLM缺乏独立审查的准确性,需要人类监督.
科学领域:
- 医学研究 医学研究
- 科学中的人工智能.
背景情况:
- 同行评审对研究质量至关重要,但面临来自评审员疲劳和偏见的挑战.
- 越来越多的科学出版物需要探索人工智能解决方案,例如大型语言模型 (LLM),以支持同行评审.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较五个开源LLM在审查器官移植论文中的表现.
- 评估作者关系对LLM审查结果的影响.
- 检查不同快速工程策略 (零射击,少数射击,ToT,RAG) 对LLM审查决策的有效性.
主要方法:
- 通过使用五个LLM (Llama 3.3,Mistral 7B,Gemma 2,DeepSeek r1-distill Qwen,Qwen 2.5) 评估了200份移植论文.
- 在各种温度设置中测试了四种提示工程策略 (零射击,少射击,ToT,RAG).
- 对四分位数分类的LLM绩效进行评估,考虑作者归属 (有声望,不那么有声望,没有) 来检测偏见.
主要成果:
- 以0.5的温度进行检索增强生成 (RAG) 产生了最佳性能 (0.35准确匹配精度).
- 法律学士倾向于将论文分配到中间四分位数 (2和3),避免极端.
- 在模型中没有发现任何显著的归属偏差,尽管一些模型显示边际偏差 (Gemma 2,Qwen 2.5).
- 米斯特拉显示了最高的精度 (0.35) 与最低的计算成本.
结论:
- 目前的开源LLM没有足够的准确性来取代人类同行评审者.
- 虽然LLM通过减少归属偏见来显示公平的潜力,但它们的准确性限制需要人类监督.
- 米斯特拉提供了精度和效率的最佳平衡;RAG是一个有前途的提示策略.
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