基因组编辑的玉米表达了两个本地基因,为北方玉米叶病提供了广泛的抗性
Huirong Gao1, Bailin Li1, Kevin Fengler1
1Research and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, USA.
Molecular plant pathology
|February 12, 2026
概括
基因组编辑精确地在玉米中引入了北方玉米叶虫害耐药基因,提高了作物的弹性,而不会造成产量损失. 这项技术迅速开发出具有广泛抗病能力的商业混合体.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学 植物遗传学
- 农业生物技术 农业生物技术
- 提高作物质量 提高作物质量
背景情况:
- 北方玉米叶病 (NCLB) 导致玉米产量大幅下降,高达50%.
- 寻求NCLB耐药性的传统育种是缓慢的,并且可以引入不良特征.
- 基因组编辑提供了一种精确的方法,可以在没有链接拖延的情况下引入抗性基因.
研究的目的:
- 使用CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑开发耐NCLB的玉米杂交.
- 精确地将新型耐药基因整合到精英玉米的近亲种系中.
- 评估基因组编辑耐药性特征的疗效和产量影响.
主要方法:
- 鉴定了NCLB耐药性基因NLB18-R,与Htn1和Ht2 / Ht3相关.
- 利用CRISPR-Cas9在精英玉米中用NLB18-R取代易受性等位基因NLB18-S.
- 插入NLB18-R和HT1-R到链接的网站,并通过遗传交叉组合.
主要成果:
- 经过基因组编辑的玉米品种表现出对NCLB (Setosphaeria turcica种族0,1,23N) 的增强抵抗力.
- 在对编辑线的实地试验中,与对照线相比,没有观察到显著的产量差异.
- 在玉米中成功堆叠了NLB18-R和HT1-R耐药基因.
结论:
- 通过CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑,可以快速发展具有广谱NCLB耐药性的玉米.
- 这种方法避免了与传统育种相关的链接阻力.
- 基因组编辑是创造商业级耐病玉米杂交品种的可行工具.
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