重新想象COVID疫苗分配:反思浪费和公平
Scott Greenhalgh1, Maria L Alva2
1Department of Mathematics, Siena University, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA. sgreenhalgh@siena.edu.
Population health metrics
|February 12, 2026
概括
在美国减少COVID-19疫苗的浪费,可以防止数百万的疾病和数以千计的死亡. 通过解决区域差异和疫苗犹,优化分发战略是改善公共卫生结果的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 有效的疫苗分发和管理对于预防疾病和死亡至关重要.
- 这项研究评估了美国各地的COVID-19疫苗分发,吸收和浪费情况.
- 它为优化未来疫苗接种策略提供了见解,并量化了减少疫苗浪费的影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估美国各州和县的COVID-19疫苗分配,吸收和浪费情况.
- 量化疫苗浪费对发病率和避免死亡的影响.
- 确定优化未来疫苗分配和尽量减少浪费的策略.
主要方法:
- 对COVID-19疫苗注射剂量和浪费数据的回顾性分析 (2020年12月至2022年10月).
- 通过"信息自由法"从CDC获得的数据,包括管辖,药房和联邦实体记录.
- 分析包括县级COVID-19疫苗犹数据和全球疫苗和免疫联盟 (GAVI) 的废弃目标 (15%和25%).
主要成果:
- 在76.1亿分发的COVID-19疫苗剂量中,有6亿人被接种 (1.8剂量/人).
- 在人均接种疫苗方面观察到显著的区域差异 (例如,华盛顿2.5与阿拉巴马1.3).
- 30个州超过了15%的GAVI废弃物目标,有6420万个未使用的剂量;达到这个目标可以避免3610万例和780万例死亡.
结论:
- 解决县级差异和针对高疫苗浪费率和低犹率的州,可以优化分发.
- 尽量减少与浪费相关的损失对于最大限度地提高未来的疫苗分发工作至关重要.
- 结果为改善未来的疫苗分发政策和公共卫生结果提供了一种战略.
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