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相关概念视频

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.4K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
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显著的光谱和定向的甲状腺皮层网络动力学定义焦点发作的演变.

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    这项研究揭示了焦点发作期间皮层网络动态如何变化. 胸膜EEG特征可以预测发作状态,指导适应性神经调节以更好地控制发作.

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    Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
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    科学领域:

    • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
    • 的研究研究.
    • 神经调节是一种神经调节.

    背景情况:

    • 针对thalamic核的神经调节是一种日益增长的药物耐药焦点的治疗方法.
    • 有限的人类内EEG研究存在于发作期间的甲状腺皮层相互作用.

    研究的目的:

    • 定义从发作开始到结束的频率特定的乳头皮层网络动态.
    • 为了比较thalamocortical和皮层-皮层网络激活.
    • 评估乳头脑电图特征是否可以对适应性神经调节的发作状态进行分类.

    主要方法:

    • 对19名患者的立体EEG记录进行了回顾性分析,并采用了胸膜和皮质样本.
    • 计算光谱功率,想象中的连贯性,以及缓慢,β和马波段的格兰杰因果关系.
    • 培训随机林区分类器,使用thalamic特征来区分ictal和非ictal状态.

    主要成果:

    • 发作开始时观察到thalamic参与 (81.2%) 并随着终止而增加.
    • 缓慢和β频段的thalamocortical连接性在整个发作期间增加.
    • 抓住状态分类通过使用thalamic光谱功率和连接特征实现了高精度 (AUC ~ 0.83).

    结论:

    • 在发作期间定义了协调,频率和方向特定的乳皮质皮质网络动态.
    • 缓慢和β频段的甲状腺皮层相互作用是适应性,闭环神经调节的关键目标.
    • 这些发现为优化通过乳头神经调节来优化发作结果提供了机制基础.