用迷幻药进行自我治疗:对审查层面的证据进行范围审查和叙事综合
Shreya Shiju1, Rohan Tirumala1, Elliot Marseille1,2
1University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy
|February 12, 2026
概括
用psilocybin和LSD等迷幻药的自我治疗显示出对诸如集群头痛等疾病的前景. 然而,由于数据有限,需要更多的研究来证实有效性和安全性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和药理学 神经科学和药理学
- 精神病学和心理健康 精神病学和心理健康
- 公共卫生和流行病学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的公众和科学家对迷幻药物的兴趣导致了对健康目的的无监督使用的增加.
- 在2015年至2023年期间,美国的幻觉剂使用量几乎翻了一番,许多人因身体或心理症状而自我治疗.
- 尽管这种日益增长的趋势,关于迷幻药物自我治疗的综合评论水平很少.
研究的目的:
- 绘制和综合现有关于迷幻药物的自我治疗的审查级证据.
- 为了确定哪些迷幻药物用于自我治疗.
- 为了确定与健康相关的目的,报告的益处和与迷幻药物自我治疗相关的危害.
主要方法:
- 对审查级证据进行了范围审查,遵守PRISMA-ScR检查清单.
- 在PubMed,PsycINFO和谷歌学者中进行了搜索,使用与自我治疗和迷幻药物相关的术语.
- 确定了三个符合条件的审查,并对数据提取和方法质量评估进行了分析.
主要成果:
- psilocybin和LSD是最常见的自我治疗的迷幻药.
- 主要用途包括集群头痛和慢性疼痛管理,报告的好处包括流产缓解和长期缓解,通常通过微剂量.
- 大约40%的使用者报告完全缓解,70%的使用者经历了预防性益处,罕见且短暂的不良反应.
结论:
- 初步证据表明,用迷幻药物,特别是 псилоцибин和LSD进行自我治疗可能会缓解集群头痛等症状.
- 发现受到稀缺和异质数据的限制,突出了需要更严格的研究.
- 需要进一步调查,以澄清迷幻药物自我治疗的有效性,安全性和现实世界的模式.
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