核桃消费对成年人血脂概况和阿波脂蛋白的影响:49个随机对照试验的GRADE评估系统审查和剂量反应元分析
Ghazal Mashayekhi1, Damoon Ashtary-Larky2, Mehdi Karimi3
1Department of Nutrition Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran.
Food science & nutrition
|February 12, 2026
概括
核桃的消费显著降低了甘油三,总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇. 然而,对高密度胆固醇和阿波利波蛋白的影响尚不确定,尽管子组分析显示在较高剂量时可能有潜在的益处.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 代谢研究研究 代谢研究
背景情况:
- 核桃 (Juglans regia L.) 是营养丰富的,含有多不和脂肪酸 (PUFA),纤维和生物活性化合物.
- 建议对脂质代谢有潜在的益处,但临床试验对脂质资料的结果是不一致的.
- 关于核桃消费对阿波利波蛋白的影响的证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估核桃消费对成人的血脂概况和阿波利波蛋白的影响.
- 通过元分析综合随机对照试验 (RCT) 的发现.
- 为了澄清核桃对甘油三,总胆固醇,LDL-C,HDL-C,Apo-A1和Apo-B的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了全面的数据库搜索,直到2025年8月,以确定相关的RCT.
- 来自49个RCT的数据,包括4611名参与者和57个效果大小,被聚合在一起.
- 使用随机效应模型估计了各种脂质参数的聚合效应大小.
主要成果:
- 核桃的消费显著降低了甘油三 (TG),总胆固醇 (TC) 和LDL胆固醇 (LDL-C).
- 在整体分析中,没有观察到对HDL胆固醇 (HDL-C),阿波利波蛋白A1 (Apo-A1) 或阿波利波蛋白B (Apo-B) 的显著影响.
- 亚组分析显示,较高的核桃剂量 (>50g/天) 显著减少了Apo-B,较低的剂量 (<50g/天) 增加了HDL-C.
结论:
- 核桃补充剂通过降低TC,LDL-C和TG有效地改善脂质概况.
- 核桃对HDL-C和阿波利波蛋白的影响需要进一步调查,因为总体而言,结果是不确定的.
- 将核桃纳入饮食可以支持心血管健康,作为均衡饮食模式的一部分.
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