全球元分析揭示了脊椎动物肠道微生物组变异的驱动因素
Yong Xie1, Songsong Xu2, Yufei Xi3
1Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China.
概括
脊椎动物的肠道微生物因饮食和气候而在全球范围内发生变化,影响宿主适应. 抗生素耐药性基因可以在肠道微生物和土壤环境之间转移.
科学领域:
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群落在宿主适应当地环境方面发挥着作用.
- 以前对脊椎动物肠道微生物的研究范围有限,阻碍了全球的理解.
- 驱动肠道微生物群多样性和脊椎动物之间的适应性转变的关键因素仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查脊椎动物肠道微生物群多样性和结构的全球模式.
- 确定肠道微生物群变化的环境决定因素,包括饮食和气候.
- 探索抗生素抵抗体及其在脊椎动物肠道和土壤之间的移动性.
主要方法:
- 16S rRNA基因测序来自113种脊椎动物的6508个样本.
- 487个陆地脊椎动物肠道微生物组和203个土壤样本的元基因组测序.
- 对微生物组的组成,功能和抗生素耐药性基因进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 主体饮食显著影响肠道微生物组合,在食肉动物中富含Fusobacteria,在食草动物中富含Verrucomicrobia.
- 气候因素与肠道微生物群的变化密切相关; 细菌类丰富度增加,蛋白质菌从高度减少到低度.
- 确定了常见的抗生素抗体,有证据表明脊椎动物肠道微生物和土壤环境之间的水平基因转移.
结论:
- 饮食和气候是脊椎动物肠道微生物组结构和功能的主要驱动因素,促进宿主适应.
- 肠道微生物组表现出不同的分类学和功能配置文件,由宿主生态和地理构成.
- 土壤-微生物-脊椎动物界面是抗生素耐药性基因的潜在储库,有跨环境转移的证据.
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