从Relf诉Weinberger到开车送货:解开美国绝育政策中的民主响应和行政杆
Liana Woskie1, Kimberly Turner2
1Tufts University.
Journal of health politics, policy and law
|February 12, 2026
概括
像Relf v. Weinberger这样的公共问责事件对女性绝育率的影响有限. 相比之下,美国医院补偿政策的行政改革显著降低了绝育率.
科学领域:
- 生殖健康政策 生殖健康政策
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医学社会学 医学社会学
背景情况:
- 女性绝育是一种安全的避孕方法,但被强制使用,在生殖政策中创造了双重遗产.
- 美国的绝育率高于其他高收入国家,是政策分析的关键案例.
- 之前的研究对法律可见性或经济激励是否推动政策变化提出了不同的预期.
研究的目的:
- 检查公共问责制和政策设计如何影响美国的永久避孕使用.
- 为了比较一个引人注目的法律案件 (Relf v. Weinberger) 与行政政策改革的行为影响.
主要方法:
- 来自190个国家的 (1965-2010年) 避孕调查协调小组的分析.
- 应用合成控制方法来评估政策影响.
- 审查Relf诉Weinberger案件作为一个民主问责事件和1990年代美国医院补偿改革.
主要成果:
- 雷尔夫诉温伯格案导致了正式的同意保障措施,但对国家绝育率的影响有限.
- 20世纪90年代,美国医院补偿改革的重点是控制成本,这与全国绝育率持续下降有关.
- 法院决策和金融架构通过不同的,可能互补的道影响政策.
结论:
- 通常被忽视的行政杆可以重塑临床实践,并与立法活动一起影响政策.
- 由财政激励驱动的政策改革可能比公共问责活动更有效地改变根深蒂固的做法.
- 了解法律和行政改革的相互作用对于制定生殖健康政策至关重要.
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